Lecture looks at:
-City in modernism
-Beginnings of an urban sociology
-City as public & private place
-City in postmodernism
-The relation of the individual to the crowd in the city
George Simmel 1858 - 1918
German sociologist
He wrote 'metropolis'... other writers used hi work as a starting point.
Simmel was asked to lecture on the role of intellectual life in the city - but he talked about the effect of the city on individuals.
Herbet bayer - lonely metropolitan
The
resistance of the individual to being levelled, swallowed up in the
social-technological
mechanism.
Lewis Hine 1932, image of the man working on buildings, no safety net.
Architect
Louis Sullivan (1856-1924)
-Creator
of the modern skyscraper,
-An
influential architect and critic of the Chicago School
-Mentor
to Frank Lloyd Wright, Guaranty
Building was
built in 1894 by Adler & Sullivan in Buffalo NY
Louis Sullivan was a very influential architect
He was a mentor to Frank Lloyd Wright who said:
"Form follows function" - summed up modernism
Carson Pirie Scott store in Chicago 1904
A fire in the city cleared buildings in Chicago
1871 made way for Louis Sullivan new buildings
Manhatta (1921) Paul Strand and Charles Scheeler
Manhatta (1921) Paul Strand and Charles Scheeler
Film was illustrated by walt whitman.
Example of the man power behind the city.
Charles Scheeler
Known for his celebrations of industry in detroit
Fordism: Mechanised labour relations
Fordism was coined by Antonio Gramsci in his essay Americanisn and Fordism 1934
Modern times by Charlie Chaplin reviewed the production line in his film
'In handicrafts and manufacture, the workman makes use of a tool, in the factory, the
machine makes use of him' (Marx cited in Adamson 2010 p75)
Stock market crashed in 1929
Factories close, massive unemployment
Great depression
The man with a movie camera
-Techniques pioneering at the time
-Cinema represented as a machine itself
-It was a film made up of stills
The flanuer
The figure that conducts the investigation of the city.
The flanuer - the action "to stroll". Experiencing the city from a removed point of view.
Charles Baudelaire
19th century french poet
"A person who walks the city in order to experience it"
Walter Benjamin
Adopts the concept of the urban observer as an analytical tool
Greater harmony between human and the city
Photography as a Flanuer
Charles Baudelaire
19th century french poet
"A person who walks the city in order to experience it"
Walter Benjamin
Adopts the concept of the urban observer as an analytical tool
Greater harmony between human and the city
Photography as a Flanuer
Susan Sontag
An armed version of the solitary walker, stalking the urban inferno
Daido Moriyama 1970's Shinjuku - district of tokyo
images of pursuance.
Flaneuse?
The invisible Flaneuse. Women and the literature of modernity
Janet Wolff
Theory, culture and society november
The
literature of modernity, describing the fleeting, anonymous, ephemeral
encounters of life in the metropolis, mainly accounts for the experiences of
men. It
ignores the concomitant separation of public and private spheres from
the mid
nineteenth century, and the increasing segregation of the sexes around
that
separation. The influential writings of Baudelaire, Simmel,
Benjamin and, more
recently, Richard Sennett and Marshall Berman, by equating
the modern with
the
public,
thus fail to describe women's experience of modernity. The central figure of
the flâneur in
the literature of modernity can only be male. What is required, therefore,
is a
feminist sociology of modernity to supplement these texts.
Susan buck-morris
The dialects of seeing
A woman is represented as a tramp or a prostitute
Arbus/ Hopper
Woman at a counter smoking 1962
The woman is surrounded by black.
Automat 1927
Sophie Calle Suite - Venitienne 1980
Photographed strangers
Sophie Calle Suite paid a detective to follow her
She wanted to provide photographic evidence of her existence in the city.
Figure of female in the city investigated:
Cindy Sherman untitled film stills (1977-80)
The woman is dwarfed by the city.
Weegee (Arthur Felig)
Photographed violence in the city
Influenced the film the naked city 1948
Explored the individual and the individuals relation to the city (2001)
Ed soja
Cities seek to organise bodies - Ed argued the post modernist city makes people feel lost - So you have to submit to authority.
Taken at street level this offers an eye level view of incipient confusion. The eye is overwhelmed by signs, and colour adds to the effect of chaos. Although the image is full of deail there is no sense of tradition or of unity. Indeed it is difficult to find a solid building at all.
9/11 citizen journalism: the end of flanuer?
The event was recorded endlessly on film and citizen journalism.
The city and the citizen became on with the collapse of the tower.
Thomas ruff
Used existing imagery on google - photography is no longer enough - exaggerates the lack of quality but expands the image
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